Thursday, December 15, 2011

Ten Great Books to Expand Your Horizons

Share

I've always been a voracious reader and even though I get most of my reading fix from scientific journals these days, I try to squeeze in an interesting book whenever I get a chance.

"Interesting" to me usually means whatever topic I find interesting at the moment. And when something piques my interest, I binge read. I'll plow through scores of books on a topic, and I'll only slow down when my obsession wanes.

In my youth, I was obsessed with the horror genre, fantasy books, and science fiction. The very first thing I did online back in the mid-90's was to look up one of those authorative "Top 50" lists of the best books in a genre and try to read every single one of them.

I took my reading very seriously, and kept a notebook in which I reviewed each one of them once I finished. The review was half the fun of the process, I thought.

In my late teens, after I discovered strength training and became interested in nutrition,  I read everything I came over on those topics. Fortunately, not a whole lot on strength training. I was lucky enough to stumble across a true gem quite early, which set me straight and negated the need for anything else for a good while.

In my early twenties, I kept reading all sorts of books on nutrition and physiology, but I had periods where I drifted into entirely different subjects - like film theory, evolutionary theory, behavioral science and psychology, for example. At this point, I rarely read any fictional books, only non-fiction.

Every so often I get asked about reading tips, so that's why I put together this list of books that I think would be of great use and interest to my readers. These books are from a seemingly diverse range of topics - from nutrition, physiology and strength training, to psychology, human behavior and evolution.

Why such diversity? Can a psychology book get you ripped? The way I see it, books on psychology, evolutionary theory and behavioral science are useful pieces in your fitness education. Even though you might not think so, they complement your physique and performance goals very well.

Most people look at diet and training in a fairly narrow-minded way; they either treat it like a numbers game, or an ideology with certain rules and regulations. Looking only at nutrition and training "as is", they never go beyond the confines of their small world with its pre-determined rules and regulations.


Expand Your Horizons


After years of study and reading about nutrition and training, you reach a point where gathering any more information on these topics will be of very little practical consequence to your results. There is only so much you can learn about insulin, carbs, whey protein and body fat percentages.

Before you reach this point of diminishing returns, you would be well advised to invest your time on topics where you have lots of room to learn and grow.

Being able to eat sensibly, count calories, lift weights and track your progress, is merely scratching the surface. To come full circle and reach "fitness zen" - a state where you feel content, balanced and in control of your body and mind - you must seek to understand yourself on a deeper level. Knowing the workings of your mind is just as important as understanding the workings of your body, in order to get them to cooperate properly.

Looking at things from another perspective, not merely "as is", will also make your reading and study of nutrition, physiology and training, more interesting. Unlock other perspectives of looking at things and you can take it to the next level. A level that lies above and beyond insulin, carbs, whey protein and body fat percentages.

The red thread that runs through most of these books, is that they expand your horizons. They add a little something towards improving our understanding of ourselves: why we think they way we think, why we feel the things we feel, and why we do the things we do. They show you ways of doing things in a more efficient way, whether that means training better, eating better, thinking better or simply handling yourself better.

Not every book on this list comes with a profound message that will change your life. Some books are simply good reads, that I found interesting, informative or insightful - and I think you will too.

I've hand-picked each one of these books and I hope that you will enjoy these books like I have. Here we go.

(This is not a ranked list; the order is completely random.)

P.S. I'm falling asleep as we speak, my brain is fried and my shoulders are killing me. It's too late to make any edits, so I apologize in advance for any weirdness. I spent the better part of the day writing this and just want to get it up on the site before I hit the sack. Seems these things always take longer than you expect.




1. The End of Overeating




Foley further analyzed the panel's findings and ultimately pinpointed five key influences on irresistibility. In order of importance, they are: calories, flavor hits, ease of eating, meltdown, and early hit. "Those are the attributes that drive cravings for you to eat," she said. Each one of those properties engages the senses in multiple ways, Foley reported. Taken together, "it's about creating a lot of fun in your mouth, a lot of novelty in your mouth.


The End of Overeating seeks to provide an answer to why the world is eating itself into oblivion. At the core, this is about the clash between our genes and the modern food environment. We're on the losing side, as evidenced by our deteriorating health and ever-expanding waistlines. In the Western world of plenty, sloth and gluttony reigns supreme. Fat and unhealthy is the norm.

David Kessler approaches this subject from a new and fresh perspective, and delves into the neurobiology of appetite regulation. Humans have a biological imperative to pursue activities that increases the odds of survival or reproduction. We are driven towards the pursuit of such behaviors, and the repetition thereof, by feeling rewarded by them.

Sex, money and power provide us with kicks, and so does food. The reason that we find certain foods tasty, is that because every time we eat, we feel a nice little tingle in the nucleus accumbens. A dopamine and opioid-induced kick right up the hedonic hotspot.

This is all good and perfectly in order. We'd starve to death without such an adaptation. This reward system helped us identify and connect calories with certain tastes in nature. We are hard-wired to appreciate the sweetness of honey and the fatty and savory parts of meat.

But in a world where food is engineered to such a high degree that it has little in common with the tastes found in nature, and where such food is constantly available with no time-investment or energy expenditure on our part, such adaptations become maladaptive.

The food industry has introduced new tastes and foods to our palate: hyperpalatable food, with tastes too complex, too sweet, too fat and too rewarding for us to deal with. Our appetite regulation goes out of whack. We don't eat to satisfy hunger or a physiological needs. We eat just for the hell of it.

Finding the perfect blend of pleasure factors is an elaborate process where nothing is left to chance; a science in itself. Kessler goes behind the scenes and provides a fascinating look into the elaborate work of "food engineers" - experts in designing foods that are guaranteed to deliver maximal pleasure and hook the consumer.


I was curious about which sensory properties make marketplace winners. The Snickers bar, according to Civille, is "extraordinarily well engineered." While its flavor characteristics are appealing, she said, the real key to its success lies in its even disappearance and clean getaway. 
"When you eat a Snickers bar, the chocolate, the caramel, the nougat, and the peanuts all disappear at the same time. You're not getting all this buildup of stuff in your mouth." That contrasts with many products whose nuts become annoyingly lodged between your teeth and your cheek. The genius of Snickers, explained Civille, is that as we chew, the sugar dissolves, the fat melts, and the caramel picks up the peanut pieces so the entire candy is carried out of the mouth at the same time.


The commonalities between drugs and hyperpalatable foods is an analogy that Kessler brings up several times in his book. Foltin, a researcher Kessler interviewed in the book, termed combinations of sugar and fat "the dietary equivalent of a speedball" (a stimulant taken with a downer, such as cocaine and heroin). Such comparisons are exaggerated, but not entirely incorrect.

So the next question would then be if food is addictive and this is a hot topic in addiction and obesity research right now. There is no definite consensus yet, but there is some suggestive evidence (correlational, not causal) in human studies.  It's a topic I'm personally very interested in, which I guess you can tell by the length of this review. I hope to cover it eventually, and  share my perspective and my thoughts on as it relates to intermittent fasting and long-term leanness.

The End of Overeating is the best mainstream diet book I've come across. The bar is not raised very high here, so I'm not suggesting that this is a masterpiece. But the subject is fascinating and thoroughly explored in this book, with interviews and "behind-the-scenes" type coverage that provide a contextual story.

I think this book pulls of the rare feat of managing to strike a good balance between writing for the lay man, but maintaining an appeal for someone with a deeper understanding of the topic, like myself, and many of you folks reading this. Kessler does not dumb down the topic, which is otherwise all too common in mainstream diet books.

This book comes with the obligatory "how to eat" chapter at the very end. The behavioral strategies notwithstanding, this is essentially your generic diet advice chapter for the Average Joe's and Jane's. It's best left ignored. Up until that point, the book is a fun and very interesting ride.




2. Starting Strength: 3rd Edition




...After four more years of testing and adjustment with thousands of athletes in seminars all over the country, this third edition expands and improves on the previous teaching methods and biomechanical analysis. No other book on barbell training ever written provides the detailed instruction on every aspect of the basic barbell exercises found in SS:BBT3.


Starting Strength: 3rd Edition is the only book on this list that I haven't read, and I'm only saying that because Mark Rippetoe apparently rewrote and added enough new stuff to make this a new book on its own, rather than just a slight improvement over 2nd Edition.

I've referenced Starting Strength: 2nd Edition several times in the past and consider it a very good and complete resource for the lifter or the strength coach. Most recently, I talked about my use of the Starting Strength progression model in "Fuckarounditis." (Under "3. You don't plan for progress.")

Starting Strength: 3rd Edition has only been out for a few weeks and I've only read good things so far. Like the description suggests, the consensus is that 3rd Edition is a solid update and improvement of an already great book. According to the top review on Amazon:


The 3rd Edition of Starting Strength is excellent. Immediately, the most striking aspect of this re-write are the illustrations. They are incredibly well done and illustrate the concepts in the text seamlessly. They alone are worth the purchase of this book.

This book is a quite dramatic improvement (I use that word with hesitation as the other two editions are also very, very good) over the 2nd edition in content, look and flow that comes with such a deep understanding of the material being presented. There's a logical progression in the writing and principles in the book that make this much more than an instructional manual on performing barbell lifts and programming strength training. You will understand the why's of correct barbell and strength training which is what makes Starting Strength different from any other book on strength training available.


Since I think 2nd Edition is a great book, and one of very few "must have"-books in strength training literature, I don't think you can go wrong by buying this book. I've put in my order.




3. Beyond Brawn


This is the book I wish I could have studied when I started out in bodybuilding. I was so naive, gullible and misinformed, just like most trainees are today—even those who have been training for years. This is a book would have spared me all the frustration, heartache, injuries and sham advice I had to suffer from before finally learning what productive bodybuilding and strength training are all about.


Beyond Brawn: The Insider's Encyclopedia on How to Build Muscle and Might begins with the quote above and I count myself among the lucky few who were blessed to come across this gem at a very early point in my training career.

Like I wrote in "Fuckarounditis", when I first set my foot in a gym, I went through the usual and almost obligatory first few months of training on a haphazard bench-n-curls-and-whatever-I-felt-like-that-day-routine.

But as time passed, I found out that strength training was the only physical activity I actually enjoyed doing,  so I started to take an increasing interest in the topic. That's when I stumbled across Beyond Brawn, which changed everything for me. It taught me the value of working hard at the right things, to put effort where it counts, and to not bother with anything else.

This is a book that I've talked myself blue about in the past, for a very good reason: it's one of very few books that had a real and lasting impact on me. I'd say that it's perhaps the single most important book I've ever read and I've read a lot of books. Beyond Brawn took strength training from being just another cool thing to do with my buddies after school, to being one of my greatest passions, and subsequently a part of my career.

Needless to say, it's also the one book that has had the single biggest influence of my training ideology - which can, very briefly, be summed up as quality over quantity, or intensity over volume.

Like Starting Strength - albeit different in terms of methodology and progression model - this book is an excellent strength training resource that covers just about anything you need to know to get started, and much, much, more.

In my personal experience, this book alone can take you from beginner to highly advanced, if you have enough sense and good judgement to modify the core system when and if the need arises, based on your results and your personal preferences. That goes without saying and applies to every training system and methodology, but let me give you an example of what I mean here.

While I had very good success with some of the abbreviated one-set high-intensity routines in the book (one set to failure), I gradually started to add more sets of each movement, and did not use straight sets across as recommended in the book for multiple sets (i.e. the load remains unchanged from set to set).

Instead, started doing 2-3 sets for most compound movements, and lowered the weight systematically between sets, progressing each set independently. That's how my reverse pyramid training approach was born. Essentially, RPT is a higher-volume version of the minimalist routines in Beyond Brawn, with a specific set structure of descending sets (resembling a reverse pyramid).

I still use RPT to this day personally and consider it the single most effective method for preserving muscle mass and strength on a diet.

Stuart McRobert gets repetitive in the book. But I think that's because the lessons in the book are so valuable - especially for a beginner - that they need to be hammered in deep. But once they stick, they can pay untold dividents in the form of results and progress.




4. Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers





How many hippos worry about whether Social Security is going to last as long as they will, or
what they are going to say on a first date? Viewed from the perspective of the evolution of the animal kingdom, sustained psychological stress is a recent invention, mostly limited to humans and other social primates.


Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers is the definitive book on stress, following Hans Selye's classic The Stress of Life from the late 70's. I've read both and Sapolsky's book is the more updated, accessible and enjoyable read of the two.

Nobody has come close to covering the topic of stress and human health in such depth - and with such a great blend of science, humor and real-life examples. It's simply a very well-written, fun, informative book on the physiology and psychology of stress, backed up with anecdotes and relatable examples of how we experience stress. It also covers coping strategies, albeit somewhat briefly, if my memory serves me right.

I'm a big fan of Robert Sapolsky and like all his books. Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers is the one book with broadest appeal, but I personally liked The Trouble with Testosterone as well.

I read Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers over a decade ago, and besides being a great primer on stress and human physiology, it also taught me one very important lesson that has stuck with me ever since: stress is only in the mind, and we can create our own stress-induced hell by simply perceiving things the wrong way. To deal with stress, don't battle the stressor. Battle your perception.




5. Mindless Eating



Did you ever eat the last piece of crusty, dried-out chocolate cake even though it tasted like chocolate-scented cardboard? Ever finish eating a bag of French fries even though they were cold, limp, and soggy? It hurts to answer questions like these. Why do we overeat food that doesn't even taste good? 
We overeat because there are signals and cues around us that tell us to eat. It's simply not in our nature to pause after every bite and contemplate whether we're full.

If you want to nudge someone towards losing some weight, or make their New Year's resolutions a little bit easier to maintain in the long run, Mindless Eating would be a brilliant book to give them this Christmas. The title is pretty self-explanatory. This book is about how easy it is to overeat unless you  make a conscious effort not to.

There's been a lot of research on this subject and Brian Wansink talks about many ingenious studies, such as the "bottomless soup bowl" experiment where participants kept eating as long as the bowl was full.

Wansink does not recommend calorie counting for weight loss, and suggest that people instead implement certain eating strategies as a method to self-limit and reduce their calorie intake spontaneously. This may certainly work very well for Average Joe's and Jane's. For most you readers - who are already diet conscious and probably used to counting calories - these strategies may be a little bit too basic.

However, Wansink does cover some more interesting stuff. He speaks about the buffet study, and mentions the eating strategy I talked about in "Cheat Day Strategies for The Hedonist" ("4. Limit choices, not amounts"):


Studies show that when people are presented with multiple food-choices, they eat more. In fact, calorie intake during a buffet scales almost linearly with the amount of different foods to choose from. If I offered you unlimited amounts of turkey and cheesecake, you'd likely only eat so much of it before you felt 'full' and satisfied.
....By 'mentally limiting' the food choices you allow yourself, i.e. only eating that which you absolutely love and crave, can be a very effective strategy in regulating calorie intake without feeling deprived. Remember, you don't need to taste of every damn food or treat that is offered. Stick to that which you truly enjoy eating and skip the rest.


Just how useful and enlightening you will find this book depends on your diet experience and nutritional know-how. In summary, Mindless Eating is a brilliant book for people who are looking to change their diet for the better. For us others, it's still an interesting read, much thanks to the many studies covered in the book.



6. Never Let Go



...We drank and continued to up the ante, until I took on a bet to squat 300 pounds for 61 reps. I was allowed to train a few weeks first, of course. 
That was a mistake; I should've done it drunk.


Never Let Go is a collection of coach Dan John's essays and articles on a wide range of topics; strength training philosophy, various strength training programs, mindset, dieting, and more.

I counted 42 articles all in all, and they're all worth reading, some more than others. Dan is at his absolute best when he talks about strength training philosophy.

Within many of the stories Dan recounts, is a lesson, an insight or a gem of wisdom that you would do well to learn from. In "The Rule of Five", Dan John talks about his bet to squat 300 lbs for 61 reps - a bet he made after a few drinks, right after he was feeling cocky after an already outstanding workout. He failed the bet and the principal lesson is that we cannot expect greatness every time we set our foot in the gym.  Some workouts will be better than others. Only once in a blue moon do you have a workout that truly staggers you.


Out of nowhere, you add thirty pounds to a max, deadlift another set of wheels, or complete some kind of mad challenge that still wakes you up years later, softly sobbing into the night.


Dan made his crazy 300-lb-for-61-reps bet after a particularly awesome workout, and he expected to win the bet based on his recent performance - but he didn't, because he expected to repeat and even outperform an already exceptional performance.


...Don't let a great day destroy years of planning and training by thinking that this is now the norm. Enjoy the day, but keep a little humility.


This is a lesson that speaks to me personally, as I've had periods of good and steady strength gains that made me set all sorts of goals and expectations for myself - "if I keep adding 5 lbs to the bar every workout, I'll be benching/squatting/pulling (insert unrealistic number here) in no time!"

And the funny thing is, it's something I still do every so often. But for your own sanity, "learn to embrace lousy days", like Dan John would say, "because a great day is just around the corner."

Dan John has a unique mix of qualities that makes Never Let Go a great book; he has lots of stories to tell, plenty of wisdom to share and a ton of experience to back it up. Dan doesn't take himself too seriously, either. He's got a great sense of humor and the book is damn funny at times.



7. How We Decide



Ever since the ancient Greeks, these assumptions have revolved around a single theme: humans are rational. When we make decisions, we are supposed to consciously analyze the alternatives and carefully weigh the pros and cons. In other words, we are deliberate and logical creatures.
...There's only one problem with this assumption of human rationality: it's wrong. It's not how the brain works.


How We Decide is a book about human decision making from a neuroscientists perspective. There are many other popular books about this specific topic - call it the "we-why-do-stupid-shit" genre, or behavioral sciences - such as Malcolm Gladwell's Blink and Dan Ariely's Predictably Irrational.


How We Decide differentiates itself from these by focusing more on the neurobiology of the decision making process. Psychological concepts like "loss aversion" and "instant/delayed gratification" are also covered.

Some of you might recall that I referenced How We Decide in "The Marshmallow Test.". The book is rich with studies, experiments and anecdotes of a similar kind, which adds context to all the talk about dopamine, synapses, pre-frontal cortexes and amygdalas.

Of the many books I've read on this topic, I'd say Predictably Irrational and The Paradox of Choice are equally good as How We Decide. They are certainly no less interesting if you find the subject as engaging as I do. I'm currently reading another book in the genre, called Thinking, Fast and Slow, by Daniel Kahneman. I'm half-way through and it's a great read




8. The Selfish Gene




We are survival machines—robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes. This is a truth which still fills me with astonishment. Though I have known it for years, I never seem to get fully used to it. One of my hopes is that I may have some success in astonishing others.


Richard Dawkins' first book, The Selfish Gene, is one of the classics of modern biology and evolutionary theory. The book provides a gene-centred view of evolution, where - briefly explained - our genes, and the behaviors and traits they provide us with, are interested in one thing: reproduction.

The practical consequence of this programming, is that almost everything we do, and the choices we make, is directly or indirectly related to improving our chances of spreading our genes further. Showing off our money by driving expensive cars, exercising, or striving to increase our standing in a group or a company, are - when push comes to shove - merely ways for us to increase our likelihood of getting laid.

As the title implies, Richard Dawkins puts greater weight on the survival of the individual, rather than the survival of the group. One implication of this is that real altruism does not exist, and behaviors that might appear to be selfless acts to an observer is, when push comes to shoves, something that will benefit us in the end - by improving our standing in a group, for example (...which then increases our chances of getting laid, or surviving long enough to get laid, etc...You get it.)

The Selfish Gene became hugely popular when it first came out in the mid-70's, was well-received by both scholars and mainstream audiences, and said to have caused "a silent and almost immediate revolution in biology". It's easy to understand why. Besides being a fantastic primer on evolution, I think this is an outstanding book by its own right.

Great books have the potential to light up your interest in a topic. Like Beyond Brawn started my passion for strength training, and How We Decide made me explore behavioral sciences further. The Selfish Gene was the book that piqued my interest in evolutionary theory. I cannot recommend it highly enough.

But how does evolutionary theory relate to the things I write about, some of you might wonder? Well, I've often alluded to it here and there in my writings, and many of the physical processes that take place during dieting can be explained from an evolutionary point of view. I did so in "Top Ten Fasting Myths Debunked", for example, and backed up the evolutionary framework with modern science. Here's a few assorted quotes:


People seem to believe they will suffer severe hunger and mental impairment from not eating every so often. Consider for a second the evolutionary consequences for survival if this was true. Given that regular periods of fasting, even famine, was a natural part of our past, do you think we'd be here today if we were unable to function when obtaining food was most critical? 

- "3. Myth: Eat small meals to keep blood sugar levels under control."


Seemingly paradoxical, metabolic rate is actually increased in short-term fasting. For some concrete numbers, studies have shown an increase of 3.6% - 10% after 36-48 hours (Mansell PI, et al, and Zauner C, et al). This makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. Epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline/noradrenaline) sharpens the mind and makes us want to move around. Desirable traits that encouraged us to seek for food, or for the hunter to kill his prey, increasing survival.  
At some point, after several days of no eating, this benefit would confer no benefit to survival and probably would have done more harm than good; instead, an adaptation that favored conservation of energy turned out to be advantageous. Thus metabolic rate is increased in short-term fasting (up to 60 hours).

- "4. Myth: Fasting tricks the body into 'starvation mode.'


Whenever you hear something really crazy you need to ask yourself if it makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. It's a great way to quickly determine if something may be valid or if it's more likely a steaming pile of horseshit. This myth is a great example of the latter. Do you think we would be here today if our bodies could only make use of 30 grams of protein per meal?

- "5. Myth: Maintain a steady supply of amino acids by eating protein every 2-3 hours. The body can only absorb 30 grams of protein in one sitting."


Now you understand what I meant by saying that "looking on things from another perspective, not merely 'as is', will make nutrition and physiology more interesting" in the beginning of this article.



9. Getting Things Done







Reflect for a moment on what it actually might be like if your personal management situation were totally under control, at all levels and at all times. What if you could dedicate fully 100 percent of your attention to whatever was at hand, at your own choosing, with no distraction?



Getting Things Done is an old school, hands-on, no-bullshit approach to productivity and organizational strategy. It's old school, because the basic principles of the GTD system are neither new or revolutionary. Deal with things in order of importance, prioritize the right things, delegate, etc.

However, what David Allen has created with GTD, is a very practical, concrete and detailed system that outlines a way of doing all these things in the most efficient way possible, with the least amount of mental drain.

Why don't zebras get ulcers? Because they're not dealing with chronic stress, like many humans do in the modern world. Zebras might experience stress intensely - imagine the adrenaline rush you'd get from being chased by a lion on the savannah - but the stress is intermittent, not chronic. This probably held true for our cave dwelling ancestors as well. Modern humans have traded intermittent and severe stress for a low-frequency, nagging, ever-present kind of stress.

An inbox that is never empty, emails that are always awaiting a reply, favors that are constantly being expected of you, high standards that must always be maintained things, things you should do, people you should call, etc. These are the stressors we deal with today. Like Robert Sapolsky teaches you the theory and physiology behind stress in Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers, David Allen teaches you how to deal with these stressors.



If you don't pay appropriate attention to what has your attention, it will take more of your attention than it deserves.



Earlier, I said that "we can create our own stress-induced hell by simply perceiving things the wrong way. To deal with stress, don't battle the stressor. Battle your perception." By this, I meant that we often create something from nothing, by mentally assigning importance to things that aren't really important.

The first step in effective self-management and stress reduction, is being able to perceive things as they truly are and assign the right amount of importance to them. The second step is making a quick decision on how and when you will deal with them. This is where Getting Things Done comes in; it teaches you how and when to deal with all this stuff by providing a very concrete system of organizing yourself and your goals.

The GTD system is as simple or as deep as you want it - from basic to-do lists, delegation strategies, weekly reviews of your progress and tasks for the upcoming week, concepts like "The Threefold Model for Evaluating Daily Work" and sophisticated filing techniques (that's right, he talks about the right way to deal with paper work).

I use a very basic version of the system. The tools I use includes post-it notes for daily tasks, a notebook for weekly goals, a "Someday/Maybe" notebook with ideas and goals that I may want to think and build upon in the future, and a big black box to file away whatever I want to have a look at later in the week or month. This stuff will make more sense if you read the book.

In "Fuckarounditis", I wrote that tracking progress, planning for progress, and being methodical about the process, is absolutely crucial if you want to spend your time in the gym efficiently (See points 1-3). To do this, the training log is essential.

What the training log is to training, GTD is to productivity and self-management. You still have to put in the work and bust your ass. But keeping a training log and tracking your progress, lets you know if you're on the right track, and tends to improve the outcome.



10. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism





This text continues to set the standard through the authors' ability to clearly and accurately explain even the most complex metabolic processes and concepts. 
With Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism 5th Edition, you are well prepared as you continue your journey in the field of nutrition.


Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism is "the" go-to textbook on nutrition and metabolism. It's very thorough and comprehensive, and just the kind of book you want to get the facts about how things really work, and if you want to expand your knowledge beyond the mere basics.

Given the many loony toon theories and strange beliefs people adopt after getting their nutritional education from articles by professional bullshitters, this book is a must read if you want to separate facts from nonsense.

I haven't read many textbooks on nutrition, so I can't say whether there is a better alternative than Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. As far as I can judge the book on its own merits, it's a very solid resource and reference that covers almost every aspect of nutrition and metabolism that I can think of. I've recommended it for years.

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Fitocracy Invites

Share

Feeling fat and sluggish after Thanksgiving? Motivation lacking? Need someone to give you a kick in the pants to get going? Well, look no further, because I got 1000 Leangains exclusive Fitocracy invites for you.




That's right, Christmas comes early this year. 


What is Fitocracy, some of you might wonder? Fitocracy is a unique and fun way to log and track your training online, "gamer style". If you've been reading my articles, you know that I consider careful logging and tracking of your training absolutely essential for progress (recently discussed here). If you can make the process fun and engaging, all the better.

The Fitocracy community is friendly, passionate and troll-free. From what I've seen, the ratio of broscientists to sensible people is very much in favor to the latter group, which is a rarity among fitness communities, and another big plus.

CNN did a feature on Fitocracy: "Why gamers are a great fit at the gym."

Brian Wang and Dick Talens were the stereotypical video-gamers in high school. One was scrawny, the other fat. They grew up playing marathon sessions of 'EverQuest' and 'Counter-Strike.'

Like Brian and Dick, I was a hardcore gamer. From The Last Ninja 2 on my Commodore 64 as a kid, to Street Fighter 2 and Final Fantasy 6 on Super Nintendo in my early teens, to marathon sessions of StarCraft and World of Warcraft in my early twenties, video games have been a big part of my life. I don't have much time to play nowadays, unfortunately.

I might be biased, considering my gamer background, but I think Fitocracy is a fantastic and well-executed concept. I can't wait to see what the future holds for them (Fitocracy is still in Beta phase and they're gradually adding new features).

By the way, here's what Dick told me a while back:

If you make a post, feel free to let people know that the creators are huge Leangains fans. We definitely wouldn't have as much time for Fitocracy if we never switched to intermittent fasting (used to obsess and spend hours prepping/eating 6 meals...), so your methods are responsible for a lot of our rapid building/success thus far.

And that's just awesome to hear. There's a ton of Leangains fans within the Fitocracy community, so rest assured that you will be among like minded people there. Anyway, here we go with the invite link:

Click here to join Fitocracy.

P.S. My top 7 favorite video games of all time, since you're all dying to know: Final Fantasy 6, Fallout 2, Street Fighter 2, Zelda: A Link to The Past, Resident Evil, StarCraft: Brood War and Advance Wars. No special order, because I find it impossible to rank them.

Monday, November 21, 2011

Best of Leangains Meals: Part 1

Share


Once you go Leangains

You won't go back

With meals like crack

You'll soon come back

Each month a book

And now you're hooked


Best of Leangains Meals: Part 1


Click the link above to view the book in Google Documents. There's no sign-in required and you can click "download original" if you want to save the pdf to your computer.


There you go, folks. A splendid collection of meals and recipes from the first month of The Leangains Facebook Page. Enjoy, and let me know what you think. And feel free to stop by the Facebook Page if you haven't already. It's quite active, and provides a constant stream of meals, recipes, discussions, etc.



There's so many cakes, muffins, treats, and desserts in the book, so I better show off the meaty remains of last weekend's Goose Mastery, for balance. This evening also included some medium-sized Cheesecake Mastery, as usual.



Thanks to David Bustamente who took the initiative to put this fine recipe book together. A great thing, for sure. I thought it would be nice to publish one of these on a monthly basis, so I've arranged with David to make that happen. There's certainly enough material coming in to make up the content.

So, there's going to be another recipe book with meals from this month (November) in a few weeks. On top of this, that, and the Holiday eating...Well, hold on to your abs! In these trying times, it's fortunate that we have these excellent strategies at our disposal:


Cheat Day Strategies for a Hedonist.

Can you avoid fat gain during cheat days and holiday feasts like Thanksgiving and Christmas? Sure, you can. But if you're a big eater that loves food, like me, it's more a question of minimizing fat storage than attempting to avoid it. And trust me, there's a few nifty strategies that can be used for damage control while still enjoying holiday hedonism, cheesecake mastery and spontaneous feasts of all sorts.


The Leangains Guide.

The Leangains approach is the ultimate form of systematic gluttony. If you're new to this site, you better make damn sure you read the guide.

In case you can't get enough, here's more Leangains Meals.




Christmas 2010. The Twin Cakes. 6 lbs of raw cheesecake combined, so dense and powerful that they made the Earth shake. I will never forget that fateful night. "No entity, human or otherwise, can withstand 6 lbs of cheesecake in one evening...much less a thrill-seeking vagabond like you, young Berkhan." The battle raged on for hours. The might of The Twin Cakes...unfathomable to the normal human mind.  But in the end, I am still here, and they're not. Ah, such a feast it was. But a greater challenge lies ahead this Christmas, I fear. They say a dark and antediluvian force has awakened in the North. It's in the cold wind, and it whispers "Brace yourself. The Cheesecake Cometh."


P.S. There will be a major new article - a few the way this is going - instead of just an update of "Fuckarounditis", so rest assured that I haven't forgotten about that. If something is worth addressing, you might as well do it well, or don't do it all. Stay tuned.

Monday, October 17, 2011

The Official Leangains Facebook Page

Share

Ok, so since I've pretty much reached the 5000 friends limit on my Facebook profile, I've made a Leangains Facebook page. The activity on my regular profile has been pretty intense, with lots of discussions, success stories, meal photos, recipes, interesting links and new research, etc, and I'm hoping that will continue on the fan page from now on.

So if you're fiendin' for some good food porn, like this awesome high-protein banana cream pie someone just posted on my wall:



Hot damn that looks awesome. I'll tell him to post the recipe on the page.

Then you should definitely keep your eyes peeled on this page. If you're interested in discussions with the numerous active Leangains followers, we'll have that here as well. I'll be popping in when I get a chance to answer questions, but there's plenty of knowledgeable folks that can help you out. So just hit that there "like" button and hop on in.

The page might look a little bare bones right now, but I'll get it properly set up and going within the next few days. Didn't expect there to be a whole science to making it look right and functional (which I'm clearly hopeless at).

Tuesday, September 27, 2011

Fuckarounditis

Share

Dear readers, it is with troublesome news I break my three months of silence.

The statistics all point towards the same conclusion: we have a global outbreak of fuckarounditis.


Fuckarounditis is a behavioral disorder characterized by a mediocre physique and complete lack of progress, despite significant amounts of time spent in the gym. 
Fuckarounditis most commonly manifests itself as an intense preoccupation with crunches, curls, cable movements, belts, gloves, balance boards, Swiss Balls and Tyler Durden. Fear of squats and deadlifts is another distinguishing trait. Physical exertion is either completely lacking or misapplied (towards questionable or unproductive training practices). 
Despite an alarming increase of fuckarounditis in recent years, prevalance may vary greatly depending on location. However, in most commercial gyms, it has been estimated that 90-100% of individuals are afflicted to varying degrees. 
Environment and social networks are crucial factors for triggering the disease. It has been proposed that the roots of the disease stems from misinformation and counterproductive training advice found in popular media ("fitness magazines") and information hubs on the Internet.  
Human nature and the so-called "laziness", "magic bullet" and "complacency" genes plays a permissive role for allowing the disease to take hold.
The disease spreads rapidly, as carriers of the disease communicate with other individuals in locker rooms, Internet discussion forums and other arenas of interaction and information exchange in real life or otherwise.   
The onset of symptoms typically occurs in young adulthood and may go undiagnosed for a lifetime. Diagnosis is set by a professional and based on observed behaviors and physique progress.  
Symptoms, preventative measures and intervention strategies are reviewed and discussed. 

- Berkhan, M. (2011) "Targeting The Fuckarounditis Epidemic: Preventative Measures and Intervention Strategies." 


Fuckarounditis: A Serious Threat 


I have been trying to cure people of fuckarounditis since the late 90's, starting from the day I was first cleansed from it myself. Ever since I recognized the disease, I have acknowledged it as a serious threat to physique development and mental well-being. It is therefore with shock and horror I have watched an increasing number of people fall victim to the disease and the dubious training practices it inspires.

In educating myself of good strength training practices, I was very lucky. Yes, I wasted some time with the usual bench'n'curl/bodybuilding magazine-inspired crapola all my friends were doing, spending my time in the gym joking around more than doing any actual training. I was 16 or so when I first set my foot at the gym. (See "My Transformation" for pictures from this time period.)

However, I did not spend more than a few months fooling around with my friends. I found that I enjoyed strength training, so I started to take an increasing interest in the topic. I started to explore and I eventually came across an excellent resource that set the tone for my entire approach and attitude. The resource was the book Beyond Brawn by Stuart McRobert, and it taught me the value of working hard at the right things.

However, I may have never been lucky enough to find this tome of wisdom if I had first lost myself in the malicious maze that resides behind...the illusion of complexity.



The Illusion of Complexity


The Internet provides a rich soil for fuckarounditis to grow and take hold of the unsuspecting observer. Too much information, shit, clutter, woo-woo, noise, bullshit, loony toon theories, too many quacks, morons and people with good intentions giving you bad advice and uninformed answers. Ah yes, the information age.

Some of it is bullshit wrapped up in a fancy paper with scientific terms, elaborate detail, promising cutting edge strategies based on the latest research. This makes it easier to swallow for intellectuals and those seeking a quick fix; two different groups, both equally susceptible to bullshittery and easy prey for scam artists.

Yes, if anything has surprised me so far in my work, it's the complete disassociation between IQ and "exercise intelligence" (essentially common sense and knowledge in regards to training fundamentals). I have many clients from academic circles, many clients that are very successful financially and in their each respective field, but some were complete idiots with regards to their training before they came to me.

The problem at the core of the fuckarounditis epidemic is the overabundance of information we have available to us. If there are so many theories, articles and opinions on a topic, we perceive it as something complex, something hard to understand. An illusion of complexity is created.

We must read everything. Think long and hard about our choices. Only then can we hope to make an informed choice, we reason. And there are so many choices. Finally, that which we perceive as a good and informed choice is often the complete opposite, usually the result of whatever fad routine is trendy at the moment. Sometimes we do a little bit of everything - "can't be bad trying to be 'well-rounded' now, can it?" we foolishly argue.

When it comes to strength training, the right choices are limited and uncomplicated. There are right and wrong ways to do things, not "it depends", not alternative theories based on new science that we need to investigate or try. Basic do's and don't's that never change. Unfortunately, these fundamental training principles are lost to many, and stumbling over them is like finding a needle in a haystack.

Isn't it the same with nutrition? Do we have diet-related fuckarounditis? Sure enough, there's diet-related fuckarounditis; people who live in the fear of insulin faeries, avoid carbs like the plague for a few days and then binge the hell out of a few boxes of cereal, and never manage to get lean, for example.

However, in contrast to training-related fuckarounditis, rates of diet-related fuckarounditis have remained fairly stable. The lipophobes have merely been replaced by carbophobes. On the whole, I might even venture to say that people have been getting a bit smarter with regards to nutrition. Not so with training practices, unfortunately.

Yes, the global prevalence of fuckarounditis is increasing at an alarming rate. The plethora of bad choices increases at a much higher rate than the good choices. Soon the bad choices will all but drown out the good ones, I fear.


"I See Weak People"


In my dreams? No. In gyms? Yes. Walking around like regular people. They don't see each other. They only see what they want to see. They don't know they're weak.

The afflicted are everywhere; the Shape Magazine-reading receptionist who greets you at the gym, the 135-lb skinny-fat PT who tells you that deadlifts are off limits, the bandana wearing bro in the cable-cross machine and the guy with entire day devoted to "abs". All of them suffer to varying degrees of the debilitating disorder known as fuckarounditis. Yes, even you might be among the afflicted. Today you shall find out if there is cause for alarm.

Keep in mind that this is a disease that sneaks up on you and then progresses gradually. Some people walk around with a mild case of fuckarounditis that do not completely impair their results in its initial stages. In others, the disease has reached a severe state, which dramatically interferes with their progress and usually stalls it completely.

Finally, there are those who are all but lost and for whom there is little hope of a cure. Unfortunately, these people will probably never read this. They are too busy emulating the latest bodybuilding pro, doing the Biceps Blaster routine, or rolling around on a Swiss Ball somewhere.

How can you tell if you are suffering from the fuckarounditis? Ultimately, it boils down to your results and whether your progress is reasonable relative to the time you put in.

Let's be concrete and talk numbers. After all, there needs to be some overarching and objective way of judging whether you are afflicted or not.


Progress and Goals


For someone interested in aesthetics, which I assume most my readers are, relative strength is the single best measure of progress and the quality of your physique. Before seeing a picture of a client, I can easily get a very good idea of his or hers body composition by simply knowing three stats: weight, height and strength. Relative strength is therefore the parameter that will be used to determine reasonable rates of progress, which will then tell you whether you might be suffering of  fuckarounditis or not.

Within two years of consistent training on a decent routine, the average male should be able to progress to the following levels of strength (1RM):


Strength Goals: Intermediate

Bench press: body weight x 1.2

Chin-ups or pull-ups: body weight x 1.2 or 8 reps with body weight.

Squat: body weight x 1.6

Deadlift: body weight x 2

These numbers are for a raw (no straps, belt or knee wraps) single repetition.

The progress towards the intermediate strength goals should be fairly linear, meaning that there should be no plateaus that cannot be solved in an uncomplicated manner. By "consistent" training I do not mean never missing a training day, nor do I consider taking 2-3 months off from training consistent.

By "decent training routine", I mean "not doing blatantly stupid shit" (training 5-6 days/week, 20-25 sets for chest and arms, etc.). I do not mean optimal and flawless.


Strength Goals: Advanced 

Under the exact same conditions as the previous example, 3 out of 4 of the following goals should be reached within five years, along with all of the strength goals listed under "intermediate":

Bench press: body weight x 1.5

Chin-ups or pull-ups: body weight x 1.5 or 15 reps with body weight.

Squat: body weight x 2

Deadlift: body weight x 2.5


Strength Goals: Highly Advanced 

Under the exact same conditions, all of the following goals should be reached within ten years. Alternatively, 3 out of 4 should be reached, and one should be "Elite":

Bench press: body weight x 1.5, or x 1.8 (elite)

Chin-ups or pull-ups: body weight x 1.5 or 15 reps with body weight, or x 1.8 / 20 reps (elite)

Squat: body weight x 2, or x 2.4 (elite)

Deadlift: body weight x 2.5, or x 3 (elite)

"Elite" denotes one lift that is often ahead of the others. For example, people who are natural pullers (long arms) may very well hit a 3 x body weight deadlift before a 1.5 x body weight bench, and vice versa for the presser (short arms, stocky and barrel-chested) benching 1.8 x body weight but not being able to pull 2.5 x body weight in the deadlift.

The highly advanced strength goals falls in line with what could be considered the pinnacle of physique and strength development for most average and natural trainers. At this point, progress is very slow.

A 185-lb male that has been training consistently for 5-10 years should therefore be expected to:

Bench press 275-280 lbs.
Do a chin-up with 90-95 lbs hanging from his waist.
Squat 370 lbs.
Deadlift 460-465 lbs.

Respective goals for women:

For women in the 115-155-lb range, the corresponding advanced strength goals are 0.9 x body weight bench, 1.1 x body weight chin-up, 1.5 x body weight squat and 1.8 x body weight deadlift. Relative to men, women have much less muscle mass around the chest area and shoulder girdle (men have much higher androgen-receptor density in this particular area), but the lower body is comparativly strong to the upper body.

A 135-lb woman that has been training consistently for 5-10 years should then be expected to:

Bench press 120-125 lbs.
Do 4-5 chin-ups with body weight or do one with an extra 10-15 lbs hanging from her waist.
Squat 200-205 lbs.
Deadlift 225-230 lbs.

So where do you fall in regards to these goals? If you've met them, you've received a reasonable return on the time you've invested in your training and it's safe to say that you do not suffer from fuckarounditis - even if you have some of the symptoms, remember that it's not fucking around if what you're doing is working for you.

If you have not met them, then something is amiss. And if you can't do 8 good chin-ups or struggle with being able to bench press your body weight after a decade of working out....something is horribly amiss.

This is no laughing matter. I've had clients that spent 10-15 years working out with little or nothing to show for it and some made very basic mistakes that could have been fixed at an early stage. But as fuckarounditis took root, they seemed to only have succumbed deeper, eventually losing that last shred of training sense.

Taking early preventative measures is key. Where this is not possible, rapid intervention can save the situation. Enter The Fuckarounditis Test.


The Fuckarounditis Test


Please review these 25 common symptoms and behaviors associated with fuckarounditis. If you recognize yourself in any of these, and have not met the strength standards recently discussed, you must immediately cease the behavior and implement the necessary changes. There is no time to waste.


1. You don't keep track.

How much can you bench, squat and deadlift? How many chin-ups? You need to be able to answer those questions right now. Don't let me hear "I THINK I can" or "I'm not sure but...". You need to know how much weight you can maximally lift in one set when you're fresh.

Whether it's a set of 1, 4 ,6 or 8 reps doesn't matter. You need to have concrete reference points in order to evaluate your progress. Keep track of them in a training log. Not "in your head", write it down. The single act of writing it down is more important than you think, whether you keep those data points in a notebook, on your computer or on Post-It notes like me.

With tracking comes the motivation to train, the results and everything else. I can't even imagine where people get their motivation from if they don't keep track and just choose weights at random based on whatever feels good that day.

You should at all times be aware of the best performance in a few key lifts, your body weight and the conditions under which those sets were performed.

More on tracking progress and "checkpoints" in "How to Look Awesome Every Day".




When I recently evaluated client and American poker pro Phil Galfond's progress after his first month on my training routine, I was pleased to see his bench jump from his old personal best of 225 lbs x 4 to 225 lbs x 8 - and he's dieting. Phil says "The 4 to 8 rep jump is actually bigger than it sounds, since my 4 reps were done with terrible form, bouncing the weight as hard as I could, and the 8 reps were done very controlled." That's outstanding progress, but in order to spot it, you need to keep track. 


2. You are not methodical.

The only thing that should be changing from week to week is the load on the bar or the reps with the same load you used last time. If you're doing it right, these should be increasing. Everything else stays the same; the movements and the order you did them in, the sets and the rest periods in between sets. You don't add in new stuff.

This is the only way you can fairly evaluate your progress and see if you're headed in the right direction. It might sound tedious to keep doing the same movements every week and the appeal of "mixing it up" can seem strong.

However, the tediousness will soon be replaced by the much stronger joy you get from seeing your lifts go up on a weekly basis. Don't fall for "muscle confusion" bullshit. The only ones confused are the people who keep talking about such nonsense.

Mixing together too much shit and being methodical about the process was one of the fuckarounditis symptoms that plagued social media expert Julien Smith, co-author of Trust Agents, before I set him straight. Here's what I told him back when he asked me to comment on his "routine" before we started working together:

...Summing it up, I suspect that your laughable progress can be explained by the following: 
1. Your bullshit training routine, which is a haphazard mixture of strength and conditioning. Some people get decent results from CrossFit and the like, but it spells death for hardgainers like yourself. If we work together you will stop flopping around like a fool and start lifting heavy, with plenty of rest in between sets. 
2. Not tracking progress, be that in some key movements like chins, bench press, etc, or benchmark CrossFit-sessions (which I use regularly for CF clients). Training whatever feels good for the moment is one of the worst ways possible to make progress, not to mention serious progress. It's such a fucking waste of time that I was completely horrified of how you approached it all. That's going to change if we work together.
He has since then gained muscle, added more than a hundred pounds to the main lifts, and has not gained an iota of body fat. I cured him with lots of food and a simple regimen of basic movements done consistently on a weekly basis.


3. You don't plan for progress.

Never choose training weights at random. You look at what you used last session and make the choice based solely on that. Not on your ego. Not because you feel like trying higher or lower reps for shits and giggles.

There many good progression models but I will recommend two common models that I use depending on the situation.

Beginners and people who need a "reboot", i.e. they may have training experience but have been fucking around so much they're essentially at the beginner stage (e.g., I used a slightly modified SS routine for Julien), Starting Strength is an excellent model.

This is a very simple 3x/week-program with frequent training and practice of the Big Three (bench, squat and deadlift), starting at 1-3 sets of 5. Example:

Squat: 200 x 5 x 3.

When you can complete 3 sets of 5 reps with 200 lbs, resting 5 minutes between each set, increase the weight next session. The training load starts at your 7-8RM, which means that you do not go to failure initially.

For experienced trainers, I recommend the double progression model of reverse pyramid training. This is what built most of my physique and it's also by far the most common approach I use with clients. Example:

Squat: 200 x 6-8 x 2.

Set 1: 200 x 8
Rest 3-5 mins. Reduce the load by 10% for the second set.
Set 2: 180 x 8 (however many reps you can get)

When the highest number in the interval (6-8) is reached ("8" in this case), increase the weight by 2.5% or 5 lbs the next session. Thus in the above example, you would use 205 and 185 lbs for your sets the next time. All sets are to be performed with maximal effort and movements are only done once a week (3x/week training frequency). "Double progression" means that you progress both in reps and load; first you hit the reps you need, then you increase the load.

RPT is very time-efficient. It's also far superior to anything else I've tried for strength/muscle retention/muscle gain during a diet.


4. You're doing too much shit.

Be a minimalist, like me.



I snapped this yesterday and stay in this condition all year round. 

I built my physique with these movements primarily: squats, deadlifts, bench presses, chin-ups, triceps extensions and calf raises. These have remained staples throughout the years. I have flirted with other movements, but these were brief periods.

On the whole, that's one movement per muscle group, with the exception of abs and biceps, which I never really trained except for early in my training career, and then very sporadically every once in a while.

The point is that most people are doing too much shit. This dilutes the focus and effort that they are able to put into that which really delivers.


5. You think more about supplements than squats.

No single factor in strength training receives so much attention, yet deliver so little in return. Don't play the fool who chases magic pills, thinking it will compensate for a lack of effort, a fundamentally flawed training routine or a poor diet.

There are supplements that you might actually find useful, but they won't turn the tide if what you're doing right now is not working without them.


6. You're lifting weights for the calorie burn.

Strength is strength. Cardio is cardio. Don't mix, keep them separate, and use cardio sparingly on a diet or if your primary goal is strength and muscle gain.

If you're adding 2-3 sessions of HIIT to your 3 sessions of weights, it is almost comparable to adding 2-3 days of weights. Keyword is "almost", I'm obviously not drawing direct comparisons. That's all fine and dandy if you think working out 5-6 days/week is a good idea on a diet. But I don't think anyone - no matter what level of experience - needs more than 3 days a week in the gym when cutting. (Yes, this goes for competitors and beginners alike.)
In conclusion, if conditioning is not terribly important for you, if your goal is really about getting shredded while keeping your muscle, I highly suggest limiting moderate to high intensity cardio on a diet - or ditch it completely. Save it for some other time when your recovery is good and not limited by your diet.

A calorie deficit is a recovery deficit. Avoid deficit spending.

My full answer here.



Rickard Nikoley is one of those I saved from fuckarounditis. Before I intervened, Richard was flopping around like a monkey in the gym. Nothing good came from that. There's nothing primal or Paleo about being weak. I cured him with squats, bench presses, deadlifts and proper rest periods. That way he could put up the effort when it counted.



7. You're looking a bit too happy in there.

If you're not grimacing, grunting, or experiencing some sort of discomfort, you're not training hard enough. One good set where you have to fight for the reps is better than a week of half-ass sets.


8. You spend more than 5 minutes on abs.

If you can't see your abs, you need to unfatten yourself. Simple as that. You can't spot reduce and you'll get plenty of ab work with squats, deadlifts, chin-ups and overhead presses. Let me see someone at 5-6% body fat deadlift 2.5-3 x body weight for reps with with weak abs and underdeveloped abs. It ain't happening.

I'll allow you one set of "abs". Beyond that don't waste your time with crunches, ab machines, hanging leg raises or whatever the hell you're doing. It won't give you shit and it will only suck time and energy from what you should be doing.


9. Is this you?


10. You're afraid of "bulky muscles" and use terms like "toning."

Women, you need to put down those pink dumbbells, throw that Shape Magazine in the trash can and stop with this nonsense. You seem to believe that the modest amount of strain will cause you to wake up looking like a bodybuilder in the morning. Horseshit. You're not using enough drugs to ever come close to looking muscle bound. With the training intensity I see most women apply in the gym, they might as well skip weight training altogether and stay on the treadmill.
.




Jenn has actually gotten stronger since she shot that video; she's now up to 27.5 lbs added weight. That's more than 99% of the guys at my gym...and I bet it's more than many male readers of this site as well. Her routine?

Day 1 (Monday)

5-min walk for warm-up.
Deadlift 2-3 sets of 4-5 reps reverse pyramid style.
Rest 5-10 mins.
Leg extensions - Same setup as deadlifts, but reps a bit higher (6-8).
Rest 5-10 mins.
Chins - Same as deads.



Day 3 (Wednesday)

5-min walk for warm-up.
Bench press 2-3 sets of 5-7 reps reverse pyramid style.
Rest 5-10 mins
Pull-ups 2-3 sets with body weight.
Rest 5-10 mins


Day 5 (Friday)

Squats 2-3 sets of 5-7 reps reverse pyramid style.
Rest 5-10 mins.
Walking lunges 2-3 sets same as squats.
Rest 5-10 mins.

Overhead Press 2-3 sets of 5-7 reps reverse pyramid style.
Rest 5-10 mins



That's the routine Jenn was doing when she sent me the video and the one she gained all that strength on. This is a solid routine, regardless of gender, and it's vastly superior to what you're doing if you're in the fuckarounditis camp. Why not try it and see for yourself? Throw in a set or two of curls, triceps and calves if you want but don't mess with it beyond that. 


11. You're "training the core"...and it involves a Swiss Ball, Bosu Ball or something else that makes you look like an idiot.

"Training the core" is a phrase that is all too often used by people who are afraid to squat. You don't need special movements for the core, because it comes with the territory if you squat, deadlift, press and chin. No one squats 2 x body weight with a weak core.


12. You want that Tyler Durden look.

Whenever I hear a client say this, alarm bells go off. There's nothing wrong in having ideals. The problem is all the pain I feel after seeing the dumb shit that follows in the questionnaire, under the part where I ask them about their current training routine. I'll often see some horrifying cardio/pump'n'tone hybrid, some celebrity workout variety or the kind you'd expect to see in those kind of routines. Nothing more faddish than made-up "celebrity workouts". God damn, how I hate those.

Want to look like Tyler Durden? Then you need to build up some modest amount of muscle and then you need to lose fat, period. The muscle is best built with heavy weight training, not 15-25-rep set flyes followed by an hour in the pec deck machine. Your gut is best lost with a good diet, not "fat burning workouts"/tons of cardio/pump'n'tone crapola. All those will do is leave you under-muscled, weak and with a severe case of fuckarounditis.



The Tyler Durden look, brought to you by squats, deadlifts, bench, chin-ups and a good diet. When this client told me that he was "closing in on his goal" of achieving a physique similar to that of Brad Pitt, AKA Tyler Durden in "Fight Club", I told him to gain some fat, start smoking, get into a fight, and stop training his arms and shoulders. (The implication of that being that he had already surpassed his goal.)


13. You're using belts, gloves and straps for no good reason.

What is your reason exactly? Don't use equipment as a crutch.


14. You avoid squats and deadlift, because you think they'll give you a wide waist.

Bitch please. Yes, squats and deadlifts will put muscle on your obliques and thicken up your lower back. But weighted chin-ups or pull-ups will give you wider lats, and if you train all these movements, your waist-to-shoulder ratio will develop very favorably. Training all these movements will also help you grow some balls, so you can finally stop making up bullshit excuses for why you shouldn't train hard (AKA squat and deadlift).

Petter, the Tyler Durden lookalike, was squatting and deadlifting regularly on my routine. Last time I checked,  he was squatting 2 x body weight (300 lbs) for 9 reps. He was also close to being able to complete a one-arm pull-up. Does it look like he has a wide waist? Are my clients notable for their wide waists? Take your "wide waist"-argument/excuse and shove it up your ass right now.

What's funny is that this argument is usually brought up by guys who want a "Hollywood"/underwear model type physique. They're often a) dieting, b) not training legs and c) likely doing tons of cardio. That particular combination will strip off whatever little leg muscle they have faster than Gary Busey can do a gram of coke off his dog Chili's back. It leaves them looking pathetic and weak, and if that sounds good to you then go ahead.


15. Doing this?


16. Are you still warming up? I can't tell.

A warm-up is a warm-up. Treat it as such. It should be light, just enough to get the blood flowing and prepare the nervous system for the real stuff. It should never cause fatigue or interfere with your performance in the work sets. All the time, I see people doing sets of 10-15 reps before they get to something that remotely resembles their real set. Which is completely retarded, because you will be fatigued and glycogen-depleted, and your performance in the work sets will be limited for metabolic reasons, and not limited by your actual strength.

The only standing recommendation I have regarding warm-ups is for compound movements: 1-3 sets of 4-6 reps of 40%-80% of target weight for the first work set. Warm-ups for assistance movements is whatever you feel is needed. Personally, I only warm up for squats, deadlift, bench press and chins. If you do these at the start of your workout, which you should, you'll find that they usually get your whole body warmed up, which makes warm-ups redundant or entirely unnecessary for the rest of the workout.


17. Are you still warming up? I can't tell. What's that? You're already done and I can take the bench?

Let's see some fucking effort next time. Don't take up precious space here when you can get a better workout from walking your dog through the park outside.

You can be doing everything perfectly, but you will not go anywhere if you're not willing to experience discomfort on a regular basis. If you're in the gym 5-6 days a week, lack of effort might actually be the explanation for your lack of progress. If you were actually in there training hard, most people wouldn't be coming back for more 5-6 days a week.


18. Was this you?

Learn good form early, so you don't have to pay for it with injuries and shitty results later down the road. Don't let your ego screw you and don't slap on weight indiscriminately. Be methodical and patient.

No need to be a form nazi either. People who "practice" form in all eternity are sometimes just afraid to train hard. Striving for picture perfect form on your final reps can be counterproductive when taken to the extreme.



19. Your workout buddy gets a set of barbell rows on the house when he "spots" you benching.

Tell him to keep his fingers off the damn bar and assist you as little as possible and only when it's truly needed; meaning only if you are about to fail on the very last rep in the set. Don't be one of those clowns slapping on twice of what they could lift by themselves to stroke their ego. It looks pathetic and it will make it impossible for you to properly evaluate your progress.

And for me, an unwanted spotter can make it hard to evaluate the progress of the client, like I had to explain to this actor/client:


I am your trainer, the guy who follows you around is only there to make sure your form is not completely retarded. His function right now should be redundant. I assume you know how to perform most movements well by now. If he interferes with your sets, he is counterproductive to the outcome.  
You're my only client right now with a personal trainer on top of the help you receive from me. I imagine he is eager to "correct" your form and tinker with your training in any way he can in order to not feel useless. Make sure he stays out of it beyond spotting you on some sets where it's warranted (i.e. when and if you are about to fail). Some PTs can't even get that part right and goes way overboard with the helping part.  
This is another danger of having him around, as it gets impossible for me to measure your progress (strength gains) accurately (i.e. did you gain strength since the last session or did he just help you more this time?). Make it very clear to him when and how he should help (last rep you can't complete by yourself).
This actor played a key role in an award winning and Oscar-nominated movie last year. I'm preparing him for a new movie with some very big names that start shooting early next year. I can't tell you more beyond that, but rest assured that his "celebrity workout" does not include mickey mouse curls supersetted with cable flyes, or anything of the usual variety you read about in magazines.



20. You obsess about "tempo".

Forget about tempo. Tempo takes care of itself if you're working with heavy weights (80% 1RM / 8 reps or less), because your control over the load is very limited. Lift the damn weight, repeat, it's that simple. Don't overthink it.

Tempo was hot stuff a few years ago and frequently discusses in articles an on the boards. It seems to have slipped off the radar now. Why? Because it's yet another distraction from the important stuff.



21. You're into "functional" training.

But you can't squat body weight and your "functional" muscle mass is non-existent. Unless you're an athlete with a very good reason, stay the hell away from anything that involves Swiss Balls, balance boards or pogo sticks.



22. You're the guy who sent me these two direct messages 5 minutes after I tweeted this:

do you think 8x20 abs is enough ?? i do hanging superstrict..really feel working lower abs!!. also i need bcaa if i situps in fasted state??
also how much bcaa u recommend


23. You're working on your "lagging biceps", but you can't even do 8 chin-ups with good form.

First of all, you're weak and fat. Second of all, body part specialization has its place, but it's always the ones least qualified that are doing it. Worry about body part specialization after you achieve the major goalposts involving the muscle group that lags behind. Until then, body part specialization is a distraction that will interfere with your development as a whole.

Let's see if your chest and your shoulders are lagging once you can bench 1.5 x body weight or overhead press your body weight and if your legs and back are lagging with a 2 x body weight squat and 2.5 x body weight deadlift. Keep doing targeted work for muscle groups like triceps, hams and calves.

Yes, you can keep a few sets of curls in there, but 2-3 sets is enough for now. Do you really think your guns will be lagging once you're doing chin-ups with 100 lbs hanging from your waist? My clients have told me they saw more biceps growth from the increased focus on weighted chin-ups than any amount of curls they did in the past. I never spent any time on curls and they grew just fine from all those chin-ups. I can say for damn sure you'll put on a good deal of size on your arms if you add 50 lbs to whatever you can chin-up right now.

Ask Paul Wilson and his 8 reps with 110 lbs of solid chin-up mastery:





Paul flexing in exclusive LG Gear, only available as an award for excellency and strength.



24. You think ripped abs will get you laid.

I hate to bust your bubble lil' buddy, but women don't give a shit beyond a guy looking reasonably fit. Lower than 10-12% body fat won't make an ounce of a difference. If women is your main motivation for dieting, don't bother getting shredded. Women have similar delusions in terms of thinking men like them super-skinny.

Training to be liked by others is a very poor motivational factor in itself. You need internal motivation, not external. No one that ends up making something out of his or hers physique, something impressive and head-turning, gets there by training to get liked by others. It might have started out as such, but it changes. I think this quote sums up why and how we make it:

You have to discipline yourself, and through this discipline will come some level of achievement, and from this achievement will come your pride.
- David Lee Roth.

And then there's the fact that nothing beats the feeling you get from breaking a new personal record. Some of the happiest moments I remember are from walking home after a new 20-rep squat record way back in the days. Walking up stairs was like being repeatedly stabbed with a blunt and rusty butterknife. But it was still pure bliss.


25. You have all kinds of elaborate excuses for why you don't need to squat and deadlift.

You get your leg training from playing soccer, you're afraid you might hurt your back, you read somewhere that single-leg training is better, you talk about rear-foot elevated split squats with a 45-degree twist during the concentric being the future of leg training, etc. Horseshit, all of it.

Listen carefully. Squats and deadlifts are undisputably the two best full body movements in the god damn Universe and that's reason enough to be doing them.

But that's not the whole story. Their true greatness lies in the mental fortitude they foster if you train them hard and consistently. This will benefit your training as a whole and leave echoes in your life outside the gym.

Did I miss something? Well, I actually left a few signs and symptoms out because this article was getting way too long for my own good and it feels like my eyes are bleeding right now. I thought I'd leave it up to you to finish it.


The #Fuckarounditis Contest

You need to do three things if you want to be eligible for participation in the contest:

1. Follow me on Twitter.

2. Tweet or retweet this article.

3. Send me your best/funniest/most original fuckarounditis symptom in 140 signs by using a hashtag followed by fuckarounditis, like this: #fuckarounditis (so it'll actually be less than 125 signs not counting #fuckarounditis). That way I can click the hashtag and see all contributions.

The contest will be running from today until the end of October (ends Oct 31st). After the end of the contest, I'll pick 5-10 winners that each will receive $100 by PayPal. That's five, ten or any number of winners in between, I'll just pick whatever great contributions I get. I'll announce the winners shortly thereafter and they will be added to this article.

Important: Don't PM/email/write your contribution in comments. I already get too many emails and PMs to keep up and I want to keep all contributions in one place: on Twitter. So you make your contribution by: (text goes here) #fuckarounditis. I'll be retweeting good ones on a daily basis. When I choose the winners I'll go through my retweets and pick 5-10 winners.





My name is Martin Berkhan and I work as a nutritional consultant, magazine writer and personal trainer.

Welcome to the Internet's leading resource on intermittent fasting and all things related.


FeedBurner FeedCount

Google Friend Connect

Join Me on Twitter

Facebook

Follow Me on Facebook

Recommended Reading

Lame Title, Good Book

Recommended Reading

Intermittent Fasting for Fat Loss

Recommended Reading

Covers All Bases

Recommended Reading

Awesome Recipes for The Paleo Diet
Recipes for the Paleo Diet - Two Cookbooks - 120 Recipes Each!>

Recommended Reading

Fat Loss Made Easy

Great Interval Timer

+1 If You Think Leangains is Awesome